摘要：隨(sui)著電(dian)子設(she)備(bei)(bei)大量的使用(yong)，非(fei)線性負荷越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多，企業(ye)電(dian)力網的諧波(bo)污染問題也越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)嚴(yan)重，由于(yu)諧波(bo)的不良作(zuo)用(yong)惡化電(dian)能質(zhi)量，增加(jia)附加(jia)損耗，降低(di)電(dian)網可靠性，影響企業(ye)供用(yong)電(dian)設(she)備(bei)(bei)的正常工作(zuo)，甚(shen)至損害設(she)備(bei)(bei)造(zao)成(cheng)

　　1、概述

　　目前各(ge)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子裝置在制藥企(qi)業中(zhong)大(da)量(liang)(liang)應用(yong)，其中(zhong)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)裝置所占的(de)(de)(de)(de)比例大(da)，逆變(bian)器、直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)斬波(bo)(bo)器等(deng)所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源主要(yao)來自整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)晶閘(zha)管(guan)相(xiang)控整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路或二極管(guan)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路都是嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)(de)(de)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)源，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)單臺容量(liang)(liang)雖(sui)然很小，但數(shu)量(liang)(liang)卻很龐大(da)，其內部大(da)都含有開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，各(ge)類開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源、變(bian)頻(pin)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)量(liang)(liang)越來越多，加上熒光燈產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)，使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)污染問題日益突出。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)使(shi)(shi)得電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)波(bo)(bo)形發生了畸變(bian)，使(shi)(shi)公司電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統、用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備出現(xian)許多異常現(xian)象和故障，對(dui)其進行有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)防止，已(yi)成為(wei)企(qi)業電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統安全運(yun)行工作的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)內容之一。有源濾波(bo)(bo)器通過CT采集系(xi)統中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，經(jing)CPU快速計算并提(ti)取各(ge)次(ci)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)含量(liang)(liang)，發出指(zhi)令使(shi)(shi)功率(lv)器件產生與諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)幅(fu)值(zhi)相(xiang)等(deng)、方(fang)向相(xiang)反的(de)(de)(de)(de)補償電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，注入到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)中(zhong)從(cong)而抵消(xiao)系(xi)統中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。

　　2、生物制藥電能質量主(zhu)要特(te)征

　　2.1生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)制藥(yao)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)集群式發(fa)展(zhan)。未來產(chan)業(ye)(ye)集群化是發(fa)展(zhan)必然趨(qu)勢，生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)制藥(yao)是一個(ge)組合化過(guo)程(cheng)，需要(yao)各個(ge)環(huan)節的聯系(xi)，因此(ci)電能質量治理格外(wai)重要(yao)，一旦設備發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)故(gu)障或電力系(xi)統故(gu)障，則導致經濟(ji)效益的直線(xian)下降。

　　2.2主要負荷是變頻(pin)器(qi)驅動的泵機和電(dian)機。主要諧(xie)波源是變頻(pin)器(qi)，且諧(xie)波含量(liang)較大，需單獨(du)配置(zhi)APF進行(xing)諧(xie)波治理。

　　3、生物制藥(yao)供配(pei)電系統諧(xie)波源(yuan)及其特點

　　隨著制(zhi)藥行(xing)業(ye)的迅(xun)猛發展，許多制(zhi)藥行(xing)業(ye)所需要的新型(xing)先(xian)進(jin)設備也應運而生，制(zhi)藥企業(ye)存在(zai)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)的泵機及電機類負載(zai)，并且很(hen)多都(dou)配有變頻(pin)器，變頻(pin)器的大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)應用(yong)使得配電系統中(zhong)的諧波含量(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)增加。

　　目前，絕大部(bu)分變頻器的(de)整(zheng)流(liu)環節(jie)都是應用(yong)6脈沖(chong)整(zheng)流(liu)將交流(liu)電(dian)轉化(hua)(hua)為直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)，因此所產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)諧(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)以5次(ci)、7次(ci)、11次(ci)為主。同(tong)時，制藥企業(ye)通(tong)常擁有實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室和自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)線(xian)，存在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)大量的(de)精密設備(bei)(bei)，在(zai)(zai)許多(duo)情況(kuang)下這些設備(bei)(bei)既是諧(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)的(de)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)，也(ye)是諧(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)的(de)受害者(zhe)。諧(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)會影響到(dao)(dao)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室中設備(bei)(bei)的(de)正常工作，使得(de)正在(zai)(zai)進行(xing)的(de)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)功虧一簣;諧(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)也(ye)會影響到(dao)(dao)自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)線(xian)的(de)智能控制器、PLC系統，使自(zi)動(dong)控制設備(bei)(bei)出(chu)現故(gu)障。在(zai)(zai)許多(duo)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室、制藥企業(ye)的(de)自(zi)動(dong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)線(xian)都出(chu)現過謝波(bo)的(de)影響而造成設備(bei)(bei)的(de)故(gu)障。因此制藥企業(ye)的(de)諧(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)問題影響較(jiao)為深遠，危害性嚴(yan)重，急需治(zhi)理。

　　2.1科(ke)研(yan)場所及實驗室

　　實驗室作為重要的(de)生(sheng)物制藥科研場(chang)所，大(da)量(liang)的(de)敏感設備(bei)需要干凈(jing)的(de)電網環境以保(bao)障系統的(de)正常運(yun)行。一般皆會涉(she)及高新儀(yi)器、精密儀(yi)器測量(liang)設備(bei)、開(kai)關(guan)電源(yuan)、整流逆變(bian)器、UPS/EPS等，同時也是作為較(jiao)大(da)的(de)諧波(bo)源(yuan)。實驗室等存在大(da)量(liang)開(kai)關(guan)電源(yuan)負(fu)載(zai)的(de)場(chang)所由于其(qi)負(fu)載(zai)的(de)特點，會產生(sheng)明顯的(de)3次(ci)、5次(ci)和7次(ci)諧波(bo)，需要特別注(zhu)意3次(ci)諧波(bo)電流對中性線的(de)影(ying)響。

　　2.2自動化生(sheng)產線(xian)

　　發酵是生產(chan)原料藥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個重要(yao)環節，所以都離不(bu)(bu)(bu)開(kai)發酵罐這(zhe)一核(he)心(xin)，隨著產(chan)品產(chan)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)擴大、新工藝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)更新和新品種的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)增加，對(dui)發酵罐的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制方(fang)式、攪(jiao)拌頻(pin)率和時段調(diao)整等提(ti)出了不(bu)(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。針(zhen)對(dui)重型大負載比較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)、耗電(dian)量(liang)比較(jiao)(jiao)大、發酵周期比較(jiao)(jiao)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)，近幾(ji)年(nian)發酵生產(chan)企業(ye)也采取了多(duo)種方(fang)法(fa)，進(jin)行了不(bu)(bu)(bu)少設備改造，變頻(pin)調(diao)速(su)是好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)既能滿(man)足生產(chan)工藝要(yao)求(qiu)，又能節能降耗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式。但隨著自動化(hua)程度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)提(ti)高(gao)，自動化(hua)設備對(dui)電(dian)源污染的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程度(du)也越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)惡劣(lie)，相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)自動控制系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干擾也越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)強(qiang)，對(dui)電(dian)源濾波、凈化(hua)，取得相(xiang)對(dui)穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綠色電(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)也越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)高(gao)。目前，絕(jue)大部分變頻(pin)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整流(liu)環節都是應(ying)用6脈沖(chong)整流(liu)將交流(liu)電(dian)轉(zhuan)化(hua)為直流(liu)電(dian)，因此所產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)諧波以5次(ci)、7次(ci)、11次(ci)為主。

　　3、現場案例

　　以山東(dong)省某生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)制(zhi)藥(yao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)質(zhi)量(liang)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)項(xiang)目為例，根據(ju)廠區(qu)負責人員(yuan)反饋(kui)，該廠區(qu)綜(zong)合(he)辦公(gong)(gong)樓(lou)頻(pin)繁出現(xian)跳閘現(xian)象，另外生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)制(zhi)藥(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)產車(che)間配電(dian)(dian)(dian)房電(dian)(dian)(dian)容柜內電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器出現(xian)燒焦和N線線纜過熱的(de)(de)情況查(cha)找主(zhu)要(yao)原因，預估是由于(yu)綜(zong)合(he)辦公(gong)(gong)樓(lou)和生(sheng)(sheng)產車(che)間分別涉及變頻(pin)空調、計(ji)算機通信設(she)備、LED燈照明(ming)和泵機等(deng)負載，運行過程中會產生(sheng)(sheng)諧波并(bing)對(dui)整個供配電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統造成影響，現(xian)對(dui)綜(zong)合(he)辦公(gong)(gong)樓(lou)和生(sheng)(sheng)產車(che)間所(suo)在(zai)的(de)(de)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)房進行測量(liang)，并(bing)根據(ju)相(xiang)應的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)質(zhi)量(liang)數(shu)據(ju)給出相(xiang)應的(de)(de)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)方案。

　　3.1綜合辦公樓(lou)配電室諧波測量數據

       

　　綜合辦公樓配電室諧(xie)波測量數(shu)據

　　3.2生產車間(jian)配電室諧(xie)波測量數(shu)據

    

　　生產車間配(pei)電(dian)室諧(xie)波(bo)測(ce)量(liang)數(shu)據

　　從(cong)上述兩組測(ce)量數(shu)據(ju)可以得(de)出綜合辦(ban)公樓的(de)諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)主要為(wei)(wei)(wei)5次和(he)7次為(wei)(wei)(wei)主，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)畸變率至多為(wei)(wei)(wei)22%，對于5次和(he)7次諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)可通(tong)過(guo)在配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)房集中治理，消除諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)對整個供(gong)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統、變壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)柜(ju)和(he)其它用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，從(cong)而保證(zheng)正常的(de)生(sheng)物制藥生(sheng)產工(gong)作;生(sheng)產車間配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)室諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)較嚴重(zhong)，3次和(he)5次諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)已超過(guo)了國家GB/T14549-1993《電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質量公用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)》0.38KV系統各(ge)次諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)及諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值標準。現場(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)柜(ju)串接7%電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)，3次和(he)5次諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)流(liu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)柜(ju)，諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)疊加在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)基波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)上，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)運行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)變大，溫升增高，引(yin)起過(guo)熱(re)而降低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命或(huo)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)損壞(huai)。由于3次諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)屬(shu)于零序諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，三(san)相矢量角一(yi)致(zhi)，會(hui)在N線上進(jin)行線性疊加，N線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)約223A，已經(jing)超過(guo)了相線上的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值，N線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)過(guo)大會(hui)造(zao)成中性線超溫、絕緣老化，發(fa)生(sheng)接地故障，從(cong)而導致(zhi)中斷供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)甚(shen)至發(fa)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣火災。

　　可采(cai)(cai)用(yong)有源濾波裝置(zhi)對其進行(xing)末端就地治理，采(cai)(cai)用(yong)DSP+FPGA全(quan)數字控制(zhi)方式，并聯在(zai)系統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)，可對2～51次(ci)諧(xie)波進行(xing)全(quan)補償或特定次(ci)諧(xie)波進行(xing)補償;能夠(gou)消除(chu)系統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)的(de)各次(ci)諧(xie)波，防止諧(xie)波對N線造成損害，保護(hu)線路，同時(shi)防止火(huo)災(zai)的(de)發生。

　　6、結語

　　隨(sui)著(zhu)現(xian)代化生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)工藝、電(dian)力電(dian)子研發設備等先進(jin)科(ke)(ke)研手段的不(bu)斷引(yin)入和(he)加深，大量的非(fei)線性(xing)電(dian)力電(dian)子設備涌現(xian)，在提(ti)升生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)制藥質量的同時，也(ye)給整個工廠的供(gong)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)的電(dian)能(neng)質量帶來了嚴(yan)峻的考驗，特別是(shi)科(ke)(ke)研實驗室，負載設備多樣，諧波產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)和(he)變化有很大的隨(sui)機性(xing)和(he)復雜(za)性(xing)。通過對生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)制藥建(jian)筑供(gong)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)的電(dian)能(neng)質量進(jin)行研究，并結合系統(tong)(tong)平臺(tai)提(ti)出合理(li)的整體(ti)解決(jue)方案，改善(shan)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)制藥的供(gong)電(dian)質量，提(ti)高電(dian)網的安全(quan)和(he)經濟運行以及降低能(neng)耗。